Linguistics and their realationship to Teaching Essay

Conceptual This paper is an endeavor to dissect the connection among semantics and language instructing. Semantics is a science and instructing while specialized is additionally a workmanship yet they are firmly identified with one another on account of language educating. The unknown dialect instructors need to incorporate ‘selection’, ‘grading’ and ‘presentation’ as their fundamental advances. Semantics assumes a significant job in the entire procedure of educating by assisting with encouraging a teacher’s comprehension of the functions and frameworks of the language they instruct. Applied Linguistics is extremely about the merging of these 2 activities. The Relationship among Linguistics and Language Teaching. Semantics is characterized as the logical investigation of language. Semantics is then isolated into a few branches which study diverse acknowledges of its utilization. Expressive semantics, authentic and similar phonetics, which it depends on approach. Synchronic and Diachronic phonetics, which it depends on the part of changes after some time. Phonetics, phonology, morphology, linguistic structure and semantics, which depends on a language as a framework. Sociolinguistics this is identified with or joined with the controls of semantics and human science. Its advantage is in the connection among language and society. It attempts to clarifies why individuals Use diverse discourse in various social settings. It’s zone of study is the social elements of language to pass on social significance. The social connections in a network, and the manner in which individuals signal parts of their social personality through their language (Jenet Holmes, 2001). Sociolinguistics likewise is worried about the cooperation of language and settings. (Hymn M. Eastman, 1975; 113). The other master characterizes it as the examination that is worried about exploring the connection among language and society with the objective of a betterâ understanding of the structure of language and of how dialects work in correspondence ( Ronald Wardhaugh, 1986 : 12) Psycholinguistics identifies with the consolidated orders of brain science and phonetics. Brain science is characterized as the methodical investigation of human experience and conduct or as the science that reviews the conduct of men and different creatures. Knight and Hilgert in Abu Ahmadi,(1992). It covers language improvement. (Lim Kiat Boey). The other meaning of psycholinguistics is that it is the investigation of human language-to-language appreciation, language creation, and language procurement (E. M. Bring forth). The examination done on the connection between semantic hypothesis and language instructing can be followed back to the late nineteenth century. Its relationship has been talked about and bantered for a long time and looked into widely. Since this time diverse research proposed by various researchers has been debatable and seen as to a great extent uncertain. During the 1960s it was concluded that there should have been a reassessment. The end that was shaped went in two fundamental bearings of thought with varying perspectives. One perspective was that semantics isn't as pertinent as it was first idea to be, and its significance was misrepresented. Such language specialists as Lamendella (1969) and Johnson (1967) communicated their difference to see semantics as the premise of a technique of learning. Lamendella (1969) believed that it was a mix-up to look to transformational sentence structure or some other hypothesis of etymological depiction to give the hypothetical premise to second language instructional method. What is required in the field of language educating are not applied etymologists yet rather applied clinicians. The other perspective was to perceive that the general commitment of etymology was significant. This came however with a stipulation that instructing language was not to be bound to just tail one hypothesis alone. The thought being that diverse etymological speculations can offer alternate points of view on language, and they would all be able to be treated as proportionate assets helpful for instructing. Levenson (1979 ) once stated, ‘no one school of phonetic investigation has a restraining infrastructure of truth in the portrayal of the marvels of speech†¦traditional school syntax, TG sentence structure, †¦all these and more can be appeared to have their own specific pertinence to the language educating circumstance. By1960 the United States, arrived at its pinnacle of the impact of auxiliary etymology upon language Teaching. Basic etymology focused on the significance of language as a framework and examines the spot that etymological units, for example, sounds, words and sentences have inside this framework. This at that point related with behaviorism gave the essential hypothetical premise of the sound lingual hypothesis. This at that point affected language showing materials, methods and the instructors trainings. Behaviorism prompted hypotheses, which clarified how an outside occasion, causes an adjustment in the conduct, with no sort of mental communication. It additionally focused on the significance of redundancy and practice in learning a subsequent language, this I believe is a fundamental factor in learning an unknown dialect. In the event that we take a gander at the sound lingual technique, it accentuates: (1) The instructing of talking and tuning in before perusing and composing; (2) The utilization of discoursed and penetrates; (3) The evasion of the utilization of the native language in the study hall. Sound lingual strategy sees talking and tuning in as the essential aptitudes, this is in accordance with today’s English instructing circumstance. The Mentalist Approach In the 1960s Chomsky planned the mentalist approach. The speculation was viewed as that human conduct is significantly more mind boggling than creature conduct. Chomsky, felt that we are brought into the world with a Language Acquisition Device (LAD), which empowers a kid to make a speculations about the structures of a language when all is said in done, and furthermore the structure of the language being found out more critically. Before the finish of the sixties’, there were new improvements in instructing language beginning to happen. The TG hypothesis had a major effect bringing about an adjustment in educating techniques. It was against the empiricist hypothesis, that is, showing sound phonetics, etymologically structuralism and mentally behaviorism. TG hypothesis. 1 It stresses mental action. 2 It proposes that every individual have an inborn capacity to become familiar with a language. 3 That it is an inalienable instinctual capacity and not practice that caused people to acquire the standards of a language and comprehend and can deliver endless quantities of sentences. The Natural Method was effectively utilized in different language schools in the USA and Europe in the late nineteenth and the mid twentieth century. In the post-World War I decades, the immediate technique was embraced into English language instructing (ELT) this laid a strong scholarly and down to earth establishment for creating ELT as a self-sufficient calling. A few etymologists, as Diller (1970), straightforwardly announced his inclination for the psychological position; while others, as Chastain (1976) and Rivers (1981:25-27) held that the two speculations were reciprocal and served various kinds of students or instructors or spoke to various periods of the language learning process. Applied Linguists realized the situational approach and the notional/practical strategy. It depends on a more extensive system for the portrayal of language utilize called open skill proposed by Hymes, This achieved the informative way to deal with language educating appeared. In 1970s, a gathering of researchers including Oller (1970) and Widdowson (1978), were language specialists however at additionally intently in contact with educating practice. They gave language instructing and language teaching method the phonetic course they viewed as important. Since they were in contact with language showing practice and etymological so had a two-route perspective on the issue, they set accentuation on genuine language and its correspondence and use. To look into pragmatics for instance. Oller (1970:507) guaranteed that pragmatics has suggestions for language educating; it characterizes the objective of showing a language as inciting the understudies not simply to control useless sound successions, yet to send and get messages in the language. The understudies in China start English when they are in grade school. Previously, more consideration was paid to the sentence structure, the outcome was baffling: Now the accentuations is on talking and tuning in. The sound lingual technique is presently utilized in the homeroom. In China, more individuals need to learn English so as to be able to speak with outsiders. For this situation, talking and listening is significantly more significant than having the option to peruse and compose. They are not expected to have an elevated level of English and their point is straightforward, they have to speak with an outsider so they can comprehend their words and communicate well. This depends on straightforward day by day discussion. A market deal and business or having the option to work in the travel industry ventures. Fundamental discussion and comprehension can be useful in ordinary discussion trades. The Audio-lingual strategy focused on the reiteration and it estimates that a language is found out through the development of propensities. To communicate in English easily, without steady practice, is unimaginable. So in our English instructing, we should enable our understudies to talk and listen well. Communicating appropriately isn't generally a simple thing, particularly if it’s a genuinely charged point. Indeed, even an English major may now and again think that its risky to communicate precisely what they mean so it is comprehended by the other individual in a manner that is comprehended by all. At the point when I go to Cambodia I discover the for the most part that the populace however not encouraged English in school has great English discussion limit. They may not peruse or compose however I feel on the off chance that they had the chance to adapt now they have gotten a handle on the fundamental language that they would without hardly lifting a finger. There is a requirement for them to talk and offer to outsiders so they have had a need and motivation to learn and the way that their utilizing

Griswold v. Connecticut Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Griswold v. Connecticut - Research Paper Example In 1873, the legislature authorized law United States of American that in addition to other things, denied individuals, even those in legitimate relationships, from utilizing any sort of preventative. The laws were known as the Comstock Law and had been set up until 1965. The Comstock law likewise restricted doctors from offering guidance or recommending to their patients the utilization of such contraceptives. It likewise had numerous different conditions that identified with moral issues including the utilization of the national postal support of send sexual materials, sex toys, and whatever other thing that might be unethical. It forestalled the utilization of any medication for motivations behind contraception and restricted the offer of such a medication or thing. This law, was rarely upheld and by the mid 1950s, Connecticut and Massachusetts were the main states in the USA that were all the while having the arrangements of this law in their books of law. The Comstock law was to later be tested by numerous individuals and the open objection was huge particularly in the start of the twentieth century. Up until the court revoked the Comstock law, specialists maintained a strategic distance from the subject, for example, the distributions of any examination in such issues.

Book Riots Deals of the Day for April 9th, 2019

Book Riots Deals of the Day for April 9th, 2019 Sponsored by  our $100 Amazon gift card giveaway! Enter here. These deals were active as of this writing, but may expire soon, so get them while they’re hot! Todays  Featured Deals Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies by Jared Diamond for $2.99.  Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. The Art of the Handwritten Note: A Guide to Writing Heartfelt Notes for Every Occasion by Margaret Shepherd for $1.99.  Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. Pimps, Hos, Playa Hatas, and All the Rest of My Hollywood Friends: My Life by John Leguizamo for $1.99.  Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. In Case You Missed Yesterdays Most Popular Deals Q Is For Quarry by Sue Grafton for $1.99. Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. Trinity: A Novel by Louisa Hall for $1.99.  Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. Previous Daily Deals That Are Still Active As Of This Writing (Get em While Theyre hot!): I Might Regret This:  Essays, Drawings, Vulnerabiliies, and Other Stuff by Abbi Jacobson for $3.99 Worlds of Exile and Illusion: Three Complete Novels of the Hainish Series in One VolumeRocannons World; Planet of Exile; City of Illusions by Ursula K. Le Guin for $2.99 Gods, Monsters, and the Lucky Peach by Kelly Robson for $3.99 The Storytellers Secret by Sejal Badani for $1.99. Karen Memory by Elizabeth Bear for $2.99. Cloud of Sparrows by Takashi Matsuoka for $1.99 The Invisible Library by Genevieve Cogman for $0.99 Zami: A New Spelling of My Name by Audre Lorde for $1.99 The Forty Rules of Love: A Novel of Rumi by Elif Shafak for $1.99 The Spy Who Came in from the Cold by John le Carré for $1.99 Call the Midwife: A Memoir of Birth, Joy, and Hard Times by Jennifer Worth for $1.99 Half-Resurrection Blues by Daniel José Older for $2.99 My Mother Was Nuts by Penny Marshall for $0.99 The Unraveling of Mercy Louis: A Novel by Keija Parssinen for $1.99 Heres Your Hat Whats Your Hurry by Elizabeth McCracken for $1.99 I Remember Nothing by Nora Ephron for $2.99 Dune by Frank Herbert for $1.99. Two Old Women: An Alaska Legend of Betrayal, Courage and Survival by Velma Wallis for $1.99. Garlic and Sapphires: The Secret Life of a Critic in Disguise by Ruth Reichl for $1.99 Notorious RBG Young Readers Edition:  The Life and Times of Ruth Bader Ginsburg by Irin Carmon and Shana Knizhnik for $1.99 Evil Under the Sun by Agatha Christie for $1.99 Just an Ordinary Day: Stories by Shirley Jackson for $1.99 A Long Way Home: A Memoir by Saroo Brierley for $1.99 Cant Escape Love by Alyssa Cole for $1.99 Geekerella: A Fangirl Fairy Tale by Ashley Poston for $1.99 Paddle Your Own Canoe: One Mans Fundamentals for Delicious Living by Nick Offerman for $1.99 Tempest by Beverly Jenkins for $1.99. Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman for $0.99. Girl in Translation by Jean Kwok for $1.99 Here We Are: Feminism for the Real World edited by Kelly Jensen (disclosure: Kelly is a Book Riot Editor) for $1.20 How Dare the Sun Rise: Memoirs of a War Child by Sandra Uwiringiyimana and Abigail Pesta for $1.99 Love, Loss, and What We Ate: A Memoir by Padma Lakshmi for $1.99 The Card Catalog: Books, Cards, and Literary Treasures edited by Carla Hayden for $1.80 Catwoman: Soulstealer by Sarah J. Maas for $1.99 Batman: Nightwalker by Marie Lu for $1.99. Last Week Tonight with John Oliver Presents a Day in the Life of Marlon Bundo by Marlon Bundo and EG Keller for $1.99 Cane by Jean Toomer for $2.78 The Haunting of Tram Car 015 by P. Djèlí Clark for $3.99 A Quiet Life in the Country by T E Kinsey for $3.99 Empire of Sand by Tasha Suri for $4.99 Life and Death in Shanghai by Nien Cheng for $4.99 Binti  by Nnedi Okorafor for $1.99 Binti: Home  by Nnedi Okorafor for $2.99 Binti: The Night Masquerade by Nnedi Okorafor for $3.99 Instant Pot ®  Obsession: The Ultimate Electric Pressure Cooker Cookbook for Cooking Everything Fast by Janet A. Zimmerman for $2.99 Rosewater by Tade Thompson for $4.99 A Princess in Theory: Reluctant Royals by Alyssa Cole for $5.99 Tell the Truth Shame the Devil by Lezley McSpadden with Lyah Beth LeFlore for $0.99 Magic Bites by Ilona Andrews for $2.99 Once Ghosted, Twice Shy by Alyssa Cole for  $1.99 Whatever Happened to Interracial Love? by Kathleen Collins for $3.99 In Search of Lost Time: Volumes 1-7  by Marcel Proust  for $0.99 Prime Meridian  by Silvia Moreno-Garcia for $3.99 The Mirror Empire by Kameron Hurley for $2.99 I Met a Traveller in an Antique Land  by Connie Willis for $0.99 On Tyranny by Timothy Snyder  for $3.99 Soy Sauce for Beginners by Kirstin Chen for $3.99 Silver Phoenix by Cindy Pon for $2.99 Dragonflight: Volume I in The Dragonriders of Pern by Anne McCaffrey for $2.99 A Curious Beginning by Deanna Raybourn for $2.99 George by Alex Gino for $3.99 Happy Dreams by Jia Pingwa, translated by Nicky Harman for $3.99 My Soul to Keep (African Immortals series) by Tananarive Due for $3.99 Destinys Captive by Beverly Jenkins for $1.99 Howls Moving Castle by Diana Wynne Jones for $3.99 A Rogue By Any Other Name by Sarah MacLean for $1.99 Assassin’s Apprentice (The Farseer Trilogy, Book 1) by Robin Hobb for $2.99 The Price of Salt by Patricia Highsmith for $0.99 Sign up for our Book Deals newsletter and get up to 80% off books you actually want to read.

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire, 1911

Gender Inequality Within A Competitive Athletic Workplace

Mr. Recinto Freshman 101 December 9, 2015 Gender Inequality What are the types of gender inequality in this world? Inequality is when there are two things that are not the same. For example, antonyms, they are when two objects don t have similar qualities. This means there are differences between the two. It can be beneficial or very discriminating. The definition for gender inequality is the unequal treatment, or perceptions of individuals based on their gender. Gender inequality is between the male and female advantages and disadvantages. In this world there are numerous of examples of inequalities. They can range from intelligence to the physical capability of doing something. The male and female are different in many ways, not only in physical appearance. It is very unequal for the women and for the men too. In gender inequality there are inequalities in sports, work, and in leadership. First of all, there is gender inequality in sports. Sport as in a competitive athletic doing. Gender inequality is in college sports, community sports, and in professional sports. Before women played any sports, it was all men who played. Also, it seems as if there are more men who play sports than women. There is also more male sports, like sports where girls don t play the sport because it s more for males. For example, there is football, baseball, shooting, rugby, and more sports. Girls do play those sports, but it is not common for all the girls toShow MoreRelatedFemale And Female Athletes1463 Words   |  6 Pagesfemale athletes extremely under-represented in the media, they are also given fewer opportunities in comparison to their male counterparts. With evidence through studies, there is little room for argument regarding the validity of gender inequality in Canadian athletics at the varsity level, specifically focusing on Canadian universities. Part of the success that athletes enjoy comes from the media coverage which allows for these individuals to garner the needed attention to make their careers fruitfulRead MoreGender Inequality And The Social Construction Of Gender1562 Words   |  7 Pagesof gender, race, class, and sexuality have led to discrimination and inequality of those classified under a variety of these categories. Through understanding the significance of these social constructs on society it becomes apparent the intersectionality they have when it comes to understanding why certain groups may face discrimination or inequality. This paper examines gender inequality and how the social construction of gender makes it difficult for the pursuit of equality amongst genders. GenderRead MoreGender Equality And The Rights Movement1706 Words   |  7 PagesGender is defined as distinct from sex in that it refers to the social and cultural constructs which, defines his or her roles in society. Thus the concept of gender equality is necessary however not sufficient. Society promotes the idea that anyone can do or become anything in this world as long as we work hard for what we choose to do. Schools teaches us that no matter what we are black, white, Mexican, male, female, or transgender that it doesn’t matter. What matters is the work and effort putRead MoreSocial Inequality And Gender Inequality Essay2163 Words   |  9 Pagesn AmericaSocial inequality is defined as the set of unequal for different social classes or statuses for various individuals within a group or society. It usually refers to people of distinct genders, ages and ethnicities. Many American’s have experienced some type of social inequality throughout their lifetime. America’s gaping inequality is seen everywhere from education to the workforce. Society tends to oversee inequality based on race, gender, and other social characteristics believe that racialRead MoreSocial Inequality And Gender Inequality Essay2091 Words   |  9 PagesSocial inequality is defined as the set of unequal opportunities for different social classes or statuses for various individuals within a group or society. It usually refers to people of distinct genders, ages, and ethnicities. Many American’s have experienced some type of social inequality throughout their lifetime. America’s gaping inequality is seen everywhere from education to the workforce. Society tends to oversee inequality based on race, gender, and other social characteristics . AmericansRead MoreResearch On Single Sex Education5097 Words   |  21 PagesJu;y 12, 2015 Education reform is a widely debated topic nowadays in the United States due to the various immediate needs of improvement in the American public school system. These ideas include a common curriculum, higher academic standards and gender equity in schools. These different ideas are discussed to give parents more choices in their child’s education. One fundamental reform idea that is most commonly discussed is coeducation vs single sex education. This paper will explore the researchRead MoreResearch On Single Sex Education5889 Words   |  24 PagesJuly 12, 2015 Education reform is a commonly debated topic nowadays in the United States due to the various immediate needs of improvement in the American public school system. These ideas include a common curriculum, higher academic standards and gender equity in schools. These different ideas are discussed to give parents more choices in their child’s education. Two fundamental reform ideas that are most commonly discussed are coeducation versus single sex education. This paper will explore theRead MoreA Critical Review of â€Å"the Ambiguities of Football, Politics, Culture, and Social Transformation in Latin America† by Tamir Bar-on.14147 Words   |  57 Pagesrepresentation men receive in the media industry. They also get no political influence and little national recognition. Defence: The problem is worth researching for several reasons. Although soccer is the central sport discussed in Bar-On’s research, the gender issue is the same for most if not all professional sports: women never get the same recognition men receive for their achievement. The research problem is beyond doubt a social problem. When it comes to soccer, the most recognized event is the FIFARead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 PagesInternational Management topic matter for instructors who want to include this material in their tests. The featured use of cases is further enhanced in this edition. All cases have been updated and several new ones have been added for this edition. The short within-chapter Preface vii case illustrations—â€Å"In the International Spotlight† and â€Å"You Be the International Management Consultant†Ã¢â‚¬â€can be read and discussed in class. The revised or newly added â€Å"Integrative Cases† positioned at the end of eachRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesPrinter/Binder: Courier/Kendallville Cover Printer: Courier/Kendalville Text Font: 10.5/12 ITC New Baskerville Std Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2013, 2011, 2009, 2007, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained

Zydeco Free Essays

Jamarcus Burks October 15, 2012 A fiddle, accordion, guitar, and a washboard are all you need to create the sweet sound of Zydeco. Zydeco music is a mixture of Blues or Jazz music with an upbeat tempo. Zydeco music has grown with my family. We will write a custom essay sample on Zydeco or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is like a china dish your great grandmother passes down. The music is unique from the message it sends to the crazy two stepping dance that goes along with it. Zydeco music plays a significant role in my life. The first time I heard Zydeco music, I thought it sounded like someone kicking the side of a trash can mixed with a horrible marching band. I was about seven years old, but I remember it like it happened yesterday. My family was eating dinner at my Grandmother’s house and I had recently moved back to Waco, Texas with my dad. I could remember asking, â€Å"What is that noise? † It took me three years to understand what Zydeco truly means, but I took no time to learn the two-step dancing. I listened to Zydeco at a young age, not knowing I did not understand the meaning behind the music, or the important role it played in my life. To me, Zydeco is more than music; it is a way of life. I have listened to Zydeco music through good and bad times throughout my life. My family plays Zydeco music at family gatherings and social events such as holidays, trail rides, birthdays, baby showers, and even funerals. No matter where we would be, we would listen and dance like there was no tomorrow. For as long as I can remember, my family has been playing Zydeco music at funerals. Some people may think it is disrespectful, but it is a family tradition. The reason we play Zydeco at all of our gatherings, is because growing up we were taught to always look at the positive aspects of life. So when a death occurs in the family, we listen to Zydeco and it reminds us that our loved one will always be with the family, but in a better place. Listening to Zydeco gives me a warm and grateful feeling inside. It comforts me to know that no matter what the situation is, there is always a reason to smile. There are different styles of Zydeco such as Zydeco Jazz, Zydeco Blues, and the most popular is Button Box. Zydeco artists send different messages through their songs. Songs have different messages like celebrating; being in love, and the trials and tribulations a person goes through every day. Every generation has one Zydeco artist whose music they grow up dancing and listening to. Artists send positive messages about life or simply having a good time. Over the years, one of the main messages Zydeco artists send to fans is to be thankful for being alive. Older Zydeco music focuses on being alive, but I’ve learned that it has developed over time. However, I feel that there is always a Zydeco song to make me feel better. I believed Zydeco music could impact my life in ways it has. It has always been part of my family and that will continue for decades. That sweet sound transformed me the first time I heard it. However, the song that I always turn to is â€Å"Tu Le Ton Son Ton† by Andre Thierry Zydeco. Andre Thierry’s song reminds me to keep doing my best throughout the week, and that the weekend is near. I learned over the years what Zydeco truly means and how my family expects me to carry on the tradition with my children. How to cite Zydeco, Essay examples

The Things They Carried Essays (1498 words) -

The Things They Carried Tim O'Brien's The Things They Carried is not a novel about the Vietnam War. It is a story about the soldiers and their experiences and emotions that are brought about from the war. O'Brien makes several statements about war through these dynamic characters. He shows the violent nature of soldiers under the pressures of war, he makes an effective antiwar statement, and he comments on the reversal of a social deviation into the norm. By skillfully employing the stylistic technique of specific, conscious detail selection and utilizing connotative diction, O'Brien thoroughly and convincingly makes each point. The violent nature that the soldiers acquired during their tour in Vietnam is one of O'Brien's predominant themes in his novel. By consciously selecting very descriptive details that reveal the drastic change in manner within the men, O'Brien creates within the reader an understanding of the effects of war on its participants. One of the soldiers, Norman Bowler, otherwise a very gentle person, carried a Thumb. . .The Thumb was dark brown, rubbery to touch. . . It had been cut from a VC corpse, a boy of fifteen or sixteen(13). Bowler had been a very good-natured person in civilian life, yet war makes him into a very hard-mannered, emotionally devoid soldier, carrying about a severed finger as a trophy, proud of his kill. The transformation shown through Bowler is an excellent indicator of the psychological and emotional change that most of the soldiers undergo. To bring an innocent young man from sensitive to apathetic, from caring to hateful, requires a great force; the war provides this force. However, frequently are the changes more drastic. A soldier named Ted Lavender adopted an orphaned puppy. . .Azar strapped it to a Claymore antipersonnel mine and squeezed the firing device(39). Azar has become demented; to kill a puppy that someone else has adopted is horrible. However, the infliction of violence has become the norm of behavior for these men; the fleeting moment of compassion shown by one man is instantly erased by another, setting order back within the group. O'Brien here shows a hint of sensitivity among the men to set up a startling contrast between the past and the present for these men. The effect produced on the reader by this contrast is one of horror; therefore fulfilling O'Brien's purpose, to convince the reader of war's severely negative effects. In the buffalo story, We came across a baby water buffalo. . .After supper Rat Kiley went over and stroked its nose. . .He stepped back and shot it through the right front knee. . .He shot it twice in the flanks. It wasn't to kill, it was to hurt(85). Rat displays a severe emotional problem here; however, it is still the norm. The startling degree of detached emotion brought on by the war is inherent in O'Brien's detailed accounts of the soldiers' actions concerning the lives of other beings. O'Brien's use of specific and connotative diction enhances the same theme, the loss of sensitivity and increase in violent behavior among the soldiers. The VC from which Bowker took the thumb was just a boy(13), giving the image of a young, innocent person who should not have been subjected to the horrors of war. The connotation associated with boy enhances the fact that killing has no emotional effect on the Americans, that they kill for sport and do not care who or what their game may be. Just as perverse as killing boys, though, is the killing of a baby(85), the connotation being associated with human infants even though it is used to describe a young water buffalo they torture. The idea of a baby is abstract, and the killing of one is frowned upon in modern society, regardless of species. O'Brien creates an attitude of disgust in the reader with the word, further fulfilling his purpose in condemning violence. Even more drastic in connotation to be killed is the orphaned puppy(39). Adding to the present idea of killing babies is the idea of killing orphaned babies, which brings out rage within the reader. The whole concept is metaphoric, based on the connotations of key words; nevertheless, it is extremely effective in conveying O'Brien's theme. O'Brien makes a